by Jamie Belnap
The number of child sexual abuse cases in Tooele County is on the rise, but officials say pining down the reasons for that trend isn’t simple.
Just this year alone, the Tooele County Attorney’s Office has prosecuted 27 child sexual abuse cases — a 35 percent increase compared to the same time period last year. In fact, in 2007 as a whole, county prosecutors handled only one more case than they have handled from January to mid-September of this year.
Several officials believe the increase is due to more crimes being reported, rather than more being committed.
“This stuff has always been out there,” said Tooele County Attorney Doug Hogan. “But we are prosecuting more because more cases are bring turned in to authorities because there is a heightened awareness surrounding this type of crime. I don’t know that we have more [child sexual abuse incidents] going on, we are just catching more and prosecuting them.”
Hogan said it certainly feels like child sexual abuse cases are taking up an increased amount of his office’s time.
“It’s always feels like there are more and more cases coming in, and it seems like the nature of cases gets worse and worse,” he said.
Why an increase?
Some experts feel the increase in cases is being driven by population growth, as well as greater willingness on the part of victims to come forward.
The Tooele County Children’s Justice Center, a program created by the Utah Attorney General’s Office to provide a safe haven for children to tell stories of abuse, has seen a rise in the number of child sexual abuse interviews completed in the last four years as well, with 80 in 2005, 130 in 2006 and 162 in 2007, according to Lynne Smith, office manager for the CJC.
So far this year, the center has completed 151 child sexual abuse-related interviews — a total that center director Carolyn Jensen said will most likely eventually surpass all previous years.
“There are a number of things that are affecting the increase in interviews,” said Jensen. “First off, there is more education in the schools, so kids are getting these messages at a younger age. Secondly, we are just getting more and more people in Tooele, which unfortunately means more bad people too. The third thing I see is we have had a lot of high-profile cases lately that have been printed in the newspaper.”
Jensen said child or teen victims see these stories and realize what’s been happening to them is similar to what has happened to others, which ignites communication with parents or other trusted individuals.
“They see that someone can help them,” Jensen said.
Many of the recent high-profile cases Jensen refers to have occurred in situations where perpetrators were in a position of public trust:
Former East Elementary third-grade teacher Christopher Burton, 27, pled guilty on Aug. 21, 2007, to eight counts of aggravated sex abuse of a child after fondling students during class time. He was sentenced to eight to 30 years in prison.
Curtis Crittenden, 34, the former head of the Tooele County 4-H program, also pled guilty in August 2007 to fondling four boys — ages 12 to 14 — who attended a sleepover at his home. He was sentenced to six to 30 years in prison in late September of the same year.
Spreading awareness
Tooele County witness/victim advocate Holly Johnson said more children coming forward to tell stories of sexual abuse has shone a spotlight on the problem.
“Children have been learning more and more that it’s OK to talk about abuse and it’s OK to tell,” Johnson said.
Child sexual abuse cases are the most common type of cases that Johnson deals with.
“My statistics are continually rising,” Johnson said.
Fighting against child sexual abuse is almost as difficult as defining the reasons behind the problem.
The State Office of Education approved a child abuse awareness program developed by Prevent Child Abuse Utah for use in Utah schools a few years ago. The program, called Prevention Dimensions, is presented to kids in kindergarten through third grade once a year for a five-week period.
“We talk about what is appropriate versus what is inappropriate,” said Julie Spindler, a prevention coordinator for Valley Mental Health, which administers the program in the Tooele County School District. “We talk about not keeping secrets. We talk about who you can trust if something is happening to you or someone you are close to.”
Spindler said many children don’t understand what abuse is, especially if it has been happening for as long as they can remember.
“They think it must be OK, unless someone tells them it’s not,” Spindler said. “Kids need to be educated between what’s OK and what’s not OK. They need to know what to do if something is happening to them. They need to tell someone because we want the abuse to stop.”
Reporting abuse
Hogan feels like many victims don’t report incidents of abuse even if they realize it’s wrong because many are within familial situations, where the abuser may be a sibling, a parent or a step-parent. He said the 2007 inception of Jessica’s Law in Utah, which boosts the mandatory minimum penalty for those who sexually abuse children to 25 years to life in prison, has had the unintended consequence of putting pressure on victims as well.
“Even with your less egregious child sex abuse cases, the same penalty applies as for cases on the more extreme side of the spectrum,” Hogan said. “We’ve raised the stakes so high that people may be less likely to report because the [abuser], who they may be dependent on, may be lost out of their life.”
Others may want to see an abuser prosecuted, but are scared about having their own identify revealed, Hogan added.
“Kudos to those who do report,” Hogan said. “Those who report may prevent others from being victimized.”
Hogan said his office’s goal is to be very sensitive to the victims in these types of cases, but also to aggressively pursue perpetrators.
“We have a duty to not only the victim, but to the community as a whole,” Hogan said. “I hate when these cases come up because the whole community feels like they get a black eye, but how do we stop them if we don’t go after them?”
Johnson said in order to help victims feel comfortable coming forward with their stories, the community must not attach a stigma to victims of such crimes.
“Victims are afraid of how they will be perceived by society,” Johnson said. “We have to keep striving to make our community an open place. We need to have a nonjudgmental place. We do that by making it OK to talk about it. We need to hold offenders accountable. We need to surround victims with support and understanding.”